Peter
Menkhorst was one of the original members of the Orange-bellied Parrot Recovery
Team. An ecologist with Victoria’s
Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE), Menkhorst has a special
interest in little-known and threatened species. Among numerous projects, he is
working on a new field guide to Australian birds, due out in 2014. He continues
to be the Victorian Government representative on the Team.
Menkhorst
is married to Barbara Gleeson; they have two adult children.
What are your first
memories of birding?
I
grew up in the Wimmera, on the edge of the Little Desert. My father was
interested in wildlife and one of his hobbies was photography. By the time I
was seven, I was getting up before dawn and sitting in a hide beside a Malleefowl
mound [breeding chamber of the shy, southern Australian bird], learning to be totally
still and silent.
When he was 12,
Menkhorst’s family moved to bayside Melbourne,
where the first bird he identified was a New Holland Honeyeater. His father gave him a
copy of What
Bird is That? [Australia’s
first birding field guide], which he
studied closely. ‘I knew all those
Neville Cayley plates off by heart!’ he
jokes. After an ‘undistinguished university career’, Menkhorst graduated with a
degree in zoology.
Could you tell me about
your work?
My
first job was in the mammal department at the Museum of Victoria.
It was fantastic. I used the museum collection data – 40,000 mammal specimens –
to try to understand the distribution of mammals across the state.
In
1976, I got a job at the Arthur Rylah Institute [the research arm of the DSE]
doing fauna surveys. For about 15 years, I did fieldwork, trapping and
spotlighting for mammals, capturing reptiles and amphibians and atlassing birds.
Ten of us went out for two weeks at a time. Some years, we did 10 surveys.
At
that time, we didn’t have any idea of the distribution of Victoria’s native fauna, so it seemed
obvious to collate the survey data into the Atlas
of Victorian Wildlife. Victoria was the
first state in Australia
to have an atlas of wildlife and it’s still going.
In 1995, partly
based on his mammal surveys, Menkhorst became the principal author and editor
of Mammals
of Victoria, a guide still widely cited as a reference. Another
best-seller followed in 2003 – A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia, illustrated by Frank Knight and now in its
third edition.
How did you get
involved with the Orange-bellied Parrot?
Until the late 1970s, it had always been a mystery bird. No
one knew anything about it. We knew they turned up around the shores of Port Phillip in winter, and
people saw flocks – sometimes up to 50 – in a few spots. There were old records
of breeding in Tasmania
but no one knew where.
My
first sighting was at the sewage farm (Werribee) in the late 1970s. There were
about a dozen.
World
Wildlife Fund provided money for the Tasmanian Parks & Wildlife Service to
investigate, and that stimulated a whole lot of work, including the formation
of the Recovery Team.
We
were asked if anyone wanted to go to a meeting about this [bird]. No one else
put their hand up so I said, I’ll go! That was in 1983, with people from Tassie, Victoria and South Australia.
Joe
Forshaw, a Commonwealth bureaucrat and parrot expert, chaired the meeting. He
said, ‘Right. We need to form a recovery team like the Americans do. Who wants
to be on it?’ It was the first recovery team in Australia.
From
my wildlife survey work, I’d identified a number of mammals and birds that were
very poorly known. I wanted to help initiate work on them – species such as the
OBP.
Could you
comment on the recovery effort so far and what you would like to see in the
future?
It
hasn’t gone the way we would’ve hoped but we’re still battling on.
In
five years, we want a captive population of 400, spread over at least half a
dozen facilities. We want a wild population persisting. And we’ll hopefully
have started releasing captive-bred birds at Melaleuca again, while there’s
still a wild population there.
If
we have 100
captive pairs (breeding), we’ll be doing well. If we have 400 birds and perhaps
150 pairs breeding, we can produce 300 to 400 birds for release, which is
massively more than we’ve ever had.
Half
of them disappear within a year. Once you get them through that first year,
survival is a lot better.
Some people wonder whether double-clutching might work with OBPs [technique where one clutch of eggs is removed to try to produce a second clutch]. Has it been tried?
We’ve
tried but haven’t had much success. Partly that’s because they’ve evolved to
breed on a fairly high latitude, where the summer is short. They’re not used to
laying two clutches.
There
isn’t time. Being a migratory species, they’ve a fairly short window in
southern Tasmania
to breed. So they’re not really wired to churn out lots of clutches like some other
species, like the Helmeted Honeyeater. We’ve put [OBP] eggs under Blue-wing Parrots. But
the female OBP doesn’t necessarily lay again. They just don’t seem to be geared for
it.
What’s the most
important thing the public can do to help?
Provide
political support. And they can volunteer to search for birds. And we desperately need money.
Finally, why the need
for a new field guide to Australian birds?
There
are four pretty good guides but they were all written in the 1980s and look a
bit dated. We plan several products [such as an app] but initially it’ll be a
book, with fabulous illustrations by three of Australia’s best bird artists, and
scientifically accurate and up-to-date text. I am a co-author with Danny Rogers
and Rohan Clarke.
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